Inheritance Class

🧬 What is Inheritance?

🧪 Example of Inheritance

class Animal:
    def speak(self):
        print("Animals make sounds")

class Dog(Animal):
    def speak(self):
        print("Dog barks")

class Cat(Animal):
    def speak(self):
        print("Cat meows")

# Testing
d = Dog()
c = Cat()
d.speak()  # Output: Dog barks
c.speak()  # Output: Cat meows

🎯 Why You Should Learn Inheritance

📋 Use Cases of Inheritance

Scenario	Description
Employee → Manager	Manager inherits common attributes from Employee but adds specific roles
Vehicle → Car, Bike	All vehicles have wheels and engine, subclasses add specific behavior
Shape → Circle, Rectangle	Each shape shares basic geometric behaviors, but implements them differently

🌍 Real-time Scenarios

🧩 Core Concepts in Inheritance

No.	Concept	Description
1️⃣	Base Class (Parent)	The class being inherited from.
2️⃣	Derived Class (Child)	The class that inherits from the parent.
3️⃣	super() Function	Calls methods of the parent class from the child class.
4️⃣	Method Overriding	Redefines a parent class method in the child class.
5️⃣	Single Inheritance	Child inherits from one parent.
6️⃣	Multilevel Inheritance	Inheritance across multiple levels.
7️⃣	Multiple Inheritance	Child class inherits from multiple parents.
8️⃣	Hierarchical Inheritance	Multiple child classes from one parent class.
9️⃣	Hybrid Inheritance	Mix of more than one type of inheritance.
🔟	isinstance()	Checks if an object is an instance of a class.
1️⃣1️⃣	issubclass()	Checks if a class is a subclass of another.

📝 Practice Tests

🏥 Real-time Inheritance Example – Hospital System

class Person:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def display_info(self):
        print(f"Name: {self.name}, Age: {self.age}")

class Doctor(Person):
    def __init__(self, name, age, specialization):
        super().__init__(name, age)
        self.specialization = specialization

    def display_info(self):
        super().display_info()
        print(f"Specialization: {self.specialization}")

class Patient(Person):
    def __init__(self, name, age, illness):
        super().__init__(name, age)
        self.illness = illness

    def display_info(self):
        super().display_info()
        print(f"Illness: {self.illness}")

# Usage
doc = Doctor("Dr. Ramesh", 45, "Cardiologist")
pat = Patient("Sita", 30, "Fever")

# Show details
doc.display_info()
print("-----")
pat.display_info()

📘 1. Single Inheritance

class Vehicle:
    def start_engine(self):
        print("Engine started")

class Car(Vehicle):
    def play_music(self):
        print("Playing music")

c = Car()
c.start_engine()
c.play_music()

📘 2. Multilevel Inheritance

class Person:
    def info(self):
        print("This is a person")

class Doctor(Person):
    def specialization(self):
        print("Specialization in medicine")

class Surgeon(Doctor):
    def surgery(self):
        print("Performs surgery")

s = Surgeon()
s.info()
s.specialization()
s.surgery()

📘 3. Multiple Inheritance

class Camera:
    def take_photo(self):
        print("Taking photo")

class Phone:
    def make_call(self):
        print("Calling...")

class Smartphone(Camera, Phone):
    def browse_internet(self):
        print("Browsing internet")

s = Smartphone()
s.take_photo()
s.make_call()
s.browse_internet()

✅ Summary Table

🏷 Type	🔍 Definition	📌 Real-time Example
Single	One child class inherits from one parent	Car inherits from Vehicle
Multilevel	A class inherits from a derived class	Surgeon → Doctor → Person
Multiple	A class inherits from multiple parents	Smartphone → Camera + Phone