๐ Python Data Types - Category Wise
Category |
Data Type |
Description |
Example |
๐งฎ Numeric Types |
int |
Integer numbers (positive, negative, zero) |
10 , -5 , 0 |
๐งฎ Numeric Types |
float |
Floating-point numbers (decimals) |
3.14 , -0.99 |
๐งฎ Numeric Types |
complex |
Complex numbers with real and imaginary parts |
2 + 3j |
๐งต Text Type |
str |
Sequence of Unicode characters (strings) |
'hello' , "Python" |
๐ฆ Sequence Types |
list |
Ordered, mutable, allows duplicate values |
[1, 2, 3] , ['a', 'b'] |
๐ฆ Sequence Types |
tuple |
Ordered, immutable, allows duplicates |
(10, 20) , (1,) |
๐ฆ Sequence Types |
range |
Immutable sequence of numbers, often used in loops |
range(0, 5) |
๐ Mapping Type |
dict |
Key-value pairs, mutable |
{'id': 1, 'name': 'Alice'} |
๐ Set Types |
set |
Unordered, mutable collection of unique elements |
{1, 2, 3} |
๐ Set Types |
frozenset |
Unordered, immutable set |
frozenset([1, 2, 3]) |
๐ข Boolean Type |
bool |
Represents True or False |
True , False |
โฐ๏ธ Binary Types |
bytes |
Immutable sequence of bytes |
b'hello' |
โฐ๏ธ Binary Types |
bytearray |
Mutable sequence of bytes |
bytearray([65, 66, 67]) |
โฐ๏ธ Binary Types |
memoryview |
Memory view object of another binary object |
memoryview(b'abc') |
๐ง None Type |
NoneType |
Represents absence of value |
None |
๐ง Data Type: int
– Integer
๐ What is int?
Used to represent whole numbers. No decimal points. Includes positive, negative numbers, and zero.
โ
Real-Time Scenarios
Real-World Use Case |
Python Example |
Age tracking |
age = 25 |
Employee salary |
salary = 45000 |
Product quantity |
qty = 5 |
Page number |
page = 12 |
Attendance count |
students_present = 30 |
โ๏ธ Built-in Functions for int
Function |
Description |
Real-Time Use Case |
Example |
int() |
Convert to integer |
Convert string to number |
int("45") → 45 |
abs() |
Absolute value |
Ignore negatives in balance |
abs(-100) → 100 |
pow() |
Exponentiation |
Power functions in finance |
pow(2, 3) → 8 |
bin() |
To binary |
Electronics representation |
bin(5) → '0b101' |
hex() |
To hexadecimal |
Hex color codes, memory |
hex(255) → '0xff' |
oct() |
To octal |
Low-level development |
oct(8) → '0o10' |
round() |
Round number |
Invoice approximation |
round(99.6) → 100 |
type() |
Get data type |
Validation/debugging |
type(10) → <class 'int'> |
# Real-Time Code Examples for int price_str = "150" price = int(price_str) print(price * 2) # 300 print(abs(-200)) # 200 print(pow(2, 5)) # 32 print(bin(10)) # 0b1010 print(hex(255)) # 0xff print(oct(10)) # 0o12 print(round(49.75)) # 50 print(type(100)) # <class 'int'>
๐ง Data Type: float
– Floating-Point Number
๐ What is float?
Used to represent numbers with decimal points. Useful when precision is needed like in prices, weight, or scientific data.
โ
Real-Time Scenarios
Real-World Use Case |
Python Example |
Product price |
price = 149.99 |
Bank balance |
balance = 10500.50 |
Student marks |
marks = 78.25 |
Temperature |
temp = 36.6 |
BMI tracking |
bmi = 22.45 |
โ๏ธ Built-in Functions for float
Function |
Description |
Real-Time Use Case |
Example |
float() |
Convert to float |
Price conversion |
float("99.99") → 99.99 |
round() |
Round to decimals |
Mark/price rounding |
round(78.456, 2) → 78.46 |
int() |
Convert to integer |
Drop decimal if needed |
int(12.9) → 12 |
format() |
Format float |
Invoice printing |
format(3.14159, ".2f") → '3.14' |
is_integer() |
Check if decimal part is 0 |
Validation check |
(5.0).is_integer() → True |
type() |
Get data type |
Validation/debugging |
type(5.5) → <class 'float'> |
# Real-Time Code Examples for float price = float("149.99") print(price + 50) # 199.99 marks = 78.4567 print(round(marks, 2)) # 78.46 weight = 59.8 print(int(weight)) # 59 pi = 3.14159 print(format(pi, ".2f")) # '3.14' value = 7.0 print(value.is_integer()) # True x = 5.5 print(type(x)) # <class 'float'>
๐ง Data Type: str
– String
๐ What is str?
The str
(string) type is used to represent text in Python. It's a sequence of characters enclosed in quotes, like "hello"
or 'world'
.
โ
Real-Time Scenarios
Real-World Use Case |
Python Example |
User name |
name = "Sairam" |
Greeting message |
message = "Welcome back!" |
Password input |
password = "abc@123" |
Address or location |
address = "Hyderabad" |
Email ID |
email = "hello@gmail.com" |
Status or label |
status = "Pending" |
โ๏ธ Built-in Functions/Methods for str
Function/Method |
Description |
Real-Time Use Case |
Example |
str() |
Convert value to string |
Print numbers with text |
str(25) → '25' |
.lower() |
To lowercase |
Case-insensitive search |
"HELLO".lower() |
.upper() |
To uppercase |
Header formatting |
"hello".upper() |
.title() |
Capitalize each word |
Display names/titles |
"hello world".title() |
.strip() |
Remove spaces |
Form input cleaning |
" hello ".strip() |
.replace() |
Replace part of string |
Masking data |
"abc123".replace("123", "***") |
.split() |
Split string to list |
Parse CSV text |
"a,b,c".split(",") |
.join() |
Join list to string |
Format CSV line |
",".join(["a","b"]) |
.find() |
Find index |
Search function |
"hello".find("l") |
.startswith() |
Check start |
Prefix validation |
"abc123".startswith("abc") |
.endswith() |
Check end |
File type validation |
"report.pdf".endswith(".pdf") |
.count() |
Count substring |
Frequency analysis |
"banana".count("a") |
len() |
Length of string |
Password validation |
len("hello") |
type() |
Get data type |
Validation/debugging |
type("text") |
# Real-Time Code Examples for str # Convert number to string num = 25 print("Age is " + str(num)) # Age is 25 # Formatting text name = "sAiRaM" print(name.lower()) # sairam print(name.upper()) # SAIRAM print(name.title()) # Sairam # Cleaning strings input_val = " hello world " print(input_val.strip()) # "hello world" # Replace data password = "user123" print(password.replace("123", "***")) # user*** # Split and join csv = "red,blue,green" colors = csv.split(",") print(colors) # ['red', 'blue', 'green'] data = ["id", "name", "email"] print(",".join(data)) # id,name,email # Search operations print("hello".find("e")) # 1 print("data.csv".endswith(".csv")) # True print("banana".count("a")) # 3 print(len("example")) # 7
๐ง Data Type: bool
– Boolean
๐ What is bool?
The bool
data type in Python represents True or False. It is mainly used in logical operations and condition checking (e.g., if
, while
).
โ
Real-Time Scenarios
Real-World Use Case |
Python Example |
Is user logged in? |
is_logged_in = True |
Is cart empty? |
cart_empty = False |
Did payment succeed? |
payment_success = True |
Is age greater than 18? |
is_adult = age > 18 |
Should email be sent? |
send_email = len(emails) > 0 |
โ๏ธ Built-in Functions/Methods for bool
Function |
Description |
Real-Time Use Case |
Example |
bool() |
Convert value to Boolean |
Check if field has value |
bool("abc") → True
bool("") → False |
type() |
Get data type |
Debugging, validation |
type(True) → <class 'bool'> |
any() |
True if at least one True |
Any condition passed |
any([0, False, 1]) → True |
all() |
True if all are True |
Form field validations |
all([1, "yes", True]) → True |
int() |
Convert to integer (True = 1, False = 0) |
Boolean math |
int(True) → 1
int(False) → 0 |
# Real-Time Code Examples for bool # Convert to Boolean print(bool("hello")) # True print(bool("")) # False print(bool(0)) # False print(bool(100)) # True # any() - One True is enough permissions = [False, False, True] print(any(permissions)) # True # all() - All must be True checks = [True, True, True] print(all(checks)) # True # Convert to int is_verified = True print(int(is_verified)) # 1 # Type checking print(type(False)) #