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Python Basics To Advanced Level / of Python Data Operators

🐍 Python Data Operators – Complete Guide

1. Arithmetic Operators

Theory: Arithmetic operators are used to perform common mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. These are essential when working with numeric data like finance, billing, statistics, etc.

Use Case: Calculate a shopping bill, taxes, or time-based calculations like minutes to hours.

Operator Description Example Result
+ Addition total = price + tax Sum of price and tax
- Subtraction balance = deposit - withdrawal Remaining balance
* Multiplication amount = rate * hours Pay for hours worked
/ Division avg = total / count Average value
// Floor Division minutes // 60 Convert to hours
% Modulus days % 7 Leftover days
** Exponent area = side ** 2 Squared value
Real-time: Calculate monthly savings: savings = income - expenses

2. Relational (Comparison) Operators

Theory: Comparison operators check relationships between values. They return Boolean results (`True` or `False`) and are mainly used in conditions.

Use Case: Validate if a user is old enough, check item availability, or confirm thresholds.

Operator Description Example Returns
== Equal score == 100 True if score is 100
!= Not equal age != 18 True if age is not 18
> Greater than salary > 50000 Check for high salary
< Less than temp < 40 Check temperature
>= Greater or equal marks >= 35 Check pass/fail
<= Less or equal speed <= 60 Speed limit
Real-time: Validate login eligibility: if age >= 18

3. Assignment Operators

Theory: These operators are used to assign values to variables. Combined versions like `+=`, `-=`, `*=` allow updating the variable while assigning.

Use Case: Common in counters, budget adjustments, and game scoring logic.

Operator Description Example
= Assigns value total = 100
+= Add and assign score += 10
-= Subtract and assign balance -= 500
*= Multiply and assign rate *= 1.5
/= Divide and assign amount /= 2
Real-time: Add monthly bonus: salary += bonus

4. Logical Operators

Theory: Logical operators are used to combine multiple conditions. They return Boolean results and are heavily used in validations.

Use Case: Check if a user is an admin and active, or allow login if either email or username is correct.

Operator Description Example
and True if both conditions are true age >= 18 and has_id
or True if any condition is true is_admin or is_manager
not Invert boolean not is_active
Real-time: Check user access: if is_employee and not is_blocked

5. Bitwise Operators

Theory: Perform bit-level operations. Useful in graphics, hardware, and memory-optimized code.

Operator Description Example Result
& AND 5 & 3 1
| OR 5 | 3 7
^ XOR 5 ^ 3 6
~ NOT ~5 -6
<< Left shift 5 << 1 10
>> Right shift 5 >> 1 2
Real-time: Optimize pixel values or apply masks in image processing

6. Membership Operators

Theory: Used to test if a value exists within a container such as a list, string, or set.

Operator Description Example Result
in True if present 'apple' in fruits True
not in True if not present 'grape' not in fruits True
Real-time: Check product availability: if item in inventory

7. Identity Operators

Theory: Compare memory location (identity) of two variables. Used to check if two variables point to the same object.

Operator Description Example
is Same object a is b
is not Different objects a is not b
Real-time: Check if API returned nothing: if response is None